THE LUSHAI HILLS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT
(ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE) RULES, 1953
He Dân hi Sixth Schedule paragraph 4, Sub.- Para (4)-in thuneihna a pêk hmanga Lushai Hills District Council-in Assam Governor rem tihna hmu hmasa zeta kum 1953-a a siam a ni. He Dân hi thubuai hla buai rêlna, tribal laws and custom hmanga Court rorêlna lam thil a ni.
Kum 1972-a Mizoram Union Territory a lo nih khân The North Eastern Areas (Re-Organisation) (Mizoram) Adaptation of Laws Order, 1972 leh The Dissolution of Mizo District Council (Miscellaneous Provisions) Order, 1972-te chuan a thu inhmeh lo laite chu siam remin, hman chhunzawm tûrin an ‘adapt’ a. Kum 1987-ah Mizoram State puitlinga hlân kai a nih khân The state of Mizoram Adaptation of Laws Order (No. 2) of 1987 chuan hman zawm zêl tûrin a lo ti leh bawk a ni.
A bul lamah Village Council Dân sawi fiahnaah khân, Lushai Hills District (Village Counsils) Acts, 1953 Dân hnuaia siam Village Council chu, Lushai Hills Autonomous District (Administration of Justice) Rules, 1953 as amended hnuaiah Village Court an ni nghâl mai tih kan sawi lan tawh kha. A dik tak chuan V/C member-te’n tha zâwka an hriat chuan, anmahni zînga mi pathum aia tlem lo Village Court tûr bîk an thlang thei nghe nghe a ni. Hemi Dân-a Village Court chuanna Rules-te thlang chhuakin thlûr bing ila :- Subordinate District Council Court leh District Council Court chuanna Rules-te chu kan kal kân mai ang. Heng Rules-a Village Court leichawitir theih zat hi The Lushai Hills Autonomous District (Administration of Justice) (Amendment) Rules, 1996 siam anga dah an ni tih hria ila.
Note : Hei hi ‘Act’ ni loin ‘Rules’ a ni a, a châng tin pawh hi ‘Section’ ti loin ‘Rules’ tih a ni e, Rule 6, Sub.-Rule (1) tih angin.
1. Scheduled Tribe mite kâra thubuai hla buai rêl tûrin Court chi thum an awm ang, heti angin :
(i) Village Court
(ii) Subordinate District Council Courts,
(iii) District Council Court.
2. Village Court :
(1) Village Council pum emaw, Village Council-in an aiawh anmahni zînga member pathum aia tlêm lo an thlan chhuahte emaw chu Village Court an ni ang. Village Council pumpui kha Village Court an nih chuan, rorêl thei zât (quorum) chu member pathum emaw, member zawng zawng zâtve tal emaw, a tam zâwk zâwk an ni ang.
(2) Village Court chuan ama khaw ramri chin chhûnga thubuaite a rêl thei.
Village Court thuneihna
Village Court chuan a huam chin chhûnga Scheduled Tribe mite inkâra thubuai leh thu chhia, a hnuaia mi ang chite hi a rêl thei :
(a) Hnam Dân leh tih dân phung (Village or Tribal Laws and Customs) hmanga rêl theih thubuai chi hrang hrang te.
(b) Hnam Dân leh tih dân phung (Tribal Laws and Cumtoms) chhûnga rêl theih thu chhia (criminal cases) leh bawhchhiatna tênau (Offences of petty nature) hêng:- kutkem leh rûkrûk tênau bawhchhiat leh pawi tawh tênau, insual leh intihnat satliah, inhauh leh invelh, zu ruih leh hnawksak zâwnga chêt leh indan luih ang chi te.
Amaherawhchu, Village Court chuan pawi khawih hrawl deuh, Indian Penal Court hnuaia lung in tântîr a, hrem tul chi chu a khawih thei lo.
3. (1) Village Court chuan criminal case-ah lung in tântîr thleng a rêl pha lo. A rêl theih chi thubuai chungah chuan lei a chawitîr thei a, chu chu a pawi khawih len dân azirin chêng 500/- thleng a ni thei. Pawi khawih chungchângah chuan pawi khawihtu chu pawi a khawihsak chunga zâng na dawmna pe tûr emaw, a pawi khawih siam tha leh tûrin, a rêlsak thei.
(2) Village Court chuan Civil Case-ah chuan bithliah chin awm loin a rêl thei a:- dik lo tak leh thinlung tina zâwnga inpuh/inkhin thilah chuan tibuaitu chu zâng na dawmna pe tûrin a ti thei.
(3) Sub. - Rule (1) leh Sub.-rule (2) hnuaia lei chawi leh pêk tûr chi chu, a tisualtu bungrua lâksak thlengin pêk luihtîr theih a ni.
4. Village Court chuan mi, thiam loa puh (accused) leh thuhretu te chu thu zawhfiah a tan Court a inlan ngei turin thu a pe thei a, inlan duhlo chu cheng 100 thlengin a chawitir thei.
5. Lei chawitu in a lei chawi leh pek trte Village Court in pe tura a tih hun chhunga a pek loh chuan, Village Court chuan Sorkar-ah thin sak turin a thlen thei a, lei chawitu chuan rorelna sang zawkah a 'appeal' a nih loh chuan, Sorkar chuan awm a tih ang kawngin a thinsak ang.
6. Village Court chuan thubuai chunga hremna a chelk theih chu , a pawi khawih ngaihtuah a tawk zo lo a tih chuan Copurt sang zawkah chelh khawtlai lovin a hlan nghal ang a, chu Court chuan Dan angin a lo rel ang.
7. (Lak tawiin) Village Court thurema lungni lo chuan ni 60 chhungin Subordinate District Council Court emaw Additional Subordinate District Council Court emawah a appeal thei a, ni 60 tih hian a appeal hnan tur Village Court thurem copy a lak hun chhung a huam lovang. Chu appeal ngaihtuahtu Subordinate District Council court emaw Addistional District council Court emaw chuan a case record enin thu thlukna a siam thei a, a duh zawk chuan amahin a rel nawn vek thei bawk.
(Note: A chhunga Number pekte khi Administratio of Justice Rules-a Rule Number -te a ni e.)
VILLAGE COUNCIL/COURT THLIRNA
British rorelna hnuai atanga India ramin zalenna a hmuh khan India ram chhûnga hnam hrang hrang leh chîn dân inang lo pui puiten mahni zalenna hum him chunga neitu rilru pu a, lungmuang taka kan chênza theih nân hruaitu hmasate chuan uluk tak leh fîmkhur takin Dân an lo siam a. Vanneihthlâk takin Independent hlima Law Minister, India Dân pui siamnaa hotu ber, Dr. B.R. Amdedkar-a chu hnam hnufual (Scheduled Caste) zînga mi a lo ni hlauh bawk nên. Hnam hnufual leh chak lo, hnam chak zâwkte nêk rala awm mai turte vên himna dân tha tak Indian Dân puiah khung luh a lo nih phah a. Tlâng mite himna tûra pawimawh ber pakhat, kan hnam nun zia leh hnam dân thlauhthla loa rorêl ve theihna Sixth Scheduled hnuaia min lo khungsak hi a ni.
Autonomous District Council hnuaia rorêlna atâna siam State kan nih hnu thleng pawha la chhunzawm zêl chungchângah mi thenkhat chuan, District Council Dân a ni a, a hman theih tawh loh tiin an ngai thîn a; mahse, hei hi thil hriat sual palh vâng niin a lang.
Kum 1972, April ni 29-a Mizo District Council thiah a nih khân Autonomous District Council chu kan nei zui tawh lo ngei a; mahse, he Court rorêlna dân hi hman zui a nih theih nân The Government of Union Territory Act, 1963 (Amendment-1971) Sec. 54-naah chuan Competant Legislature emaw Competant Authority dangin emaw a thlâkna tûr dân dang a siam a nih loh chuan Administration of Justice Rules, 1953 hi hman zui zêl a ni ang tih târ lan a ni a. U.T.-a kan awm chhûng khân a thlâkna tûr dân dang siam a ni ta lo a. Mizoram-in State puitling kan neih dâwn khân The State of Mizoram Act. 1986, Sec. 45-ah a thlâkna tûr dân dang siam a nih loh chuan Union Territory hnuaia he dân hman lai hi hman chhunzawm zêl a ni ang tih târ lan a ni a. Vawiin thleng hian he dân thlâkna tûr hi dân siam a la nih loh avângin tlêm tlêma tihdanglam hret (amend) tih loh chu he dân hi State kan nih hnu pawh hian kan la hmang chhunzawm zêl a. Amaherawhchu, thil thenkhat tûn lai hun nêna inmil lote chu thlâk danglam hret hret a ni thung a. The State of Mizoram Adaptation of Laws Order 1987 hmangin District Council chu Government of Mizoram, Administrator chu Governor tiin, a dang pawh thlâk a awm nual.
He kan dân sawi Administration of Justice Rule, 1953-a târ lan ang hian District Council Court zawng zawng hi a kal vek a. He dân bung hnihnaah Village Council siam dân târ lan a ni a, hemi chungchâng hi chu The Lushai Hills District (Village Councils) Act, 1953 siama V/C dân kan tih tâk ber hi a ni a. Bung 3 atanga bung 5-ah hian Court chungchâng a sawi bîk a, hêng bung leh chânga mite leh Court Manual of the Mizo District Council behchhanin tûn tumah hian Village Court chungchâng bîk kan thlûr bing dâwn a ni.
A dân bulpui Tribal himna atâna siam a nih ang bawkin hêng Court-te pawh hi Tribal chungchâng chauh rêl bîk tûr leh chu pawh chu Hnam dân (Customary Law) hmang chauha rêl tûra tih a ni. (Tribal ni lo leh Dân dang thil sual ti leh pawi khawihna Criminal thil entîr nân - tualthah, pâwngsual ang chi rêl dân tûr chu dân dang, The Rules for the Regulation of the prosedure of Officers appointed to Administer Justice in the Lushai Hills, 1937-ah târ langin, he dânah hian Criminal thil chu Deputy Commissioner leh a Assistant-te rêl tûra dah a ni a. Judicial Officer kan tih te, Judicial Magistrate kan tihte pawhin Asst. to D.C.-a puan an nih chauh loh chuan M.J.S. an ni emaw M.C.S. an ni emaw Criminal thilah thubuai rêl theihna an nei lo a. Tûna kan Magistrate-ho zawng zawng pawh hi Asst. to D.C.-ah puangin he dân hmang hian thuneihna pêk an ni a, D.C. zârah thuneihna an nei chauh a nih chu).
Administration of Justice Rules,1953 hian Court chi thum a târ lang a, chungte chu:-
1) Village Courts.
2) Subordinate District Council Courts.
3) District council Courts.
Village Court hi kan sawi tûr ber a ni a, a zawng a za chuan kan sawi sêng rih lo ang a, a tlângpuiin a insiam dân, a thuneihna leh a rorêl dân kalphung tûrte lo thlîr thuak thuak ila a tha âwm e.
Village Council/Court siam dân
Village Council emaw Council member atanga thlan chhuah emaw chu khaw tinah court rorêlna kengkawh tûrin an awm tûr a ni a, a tlêm berah member pathum an ni tûr a ni. Heta tanga hriat chian ngai ta chu - V/C member zawng zawng Court ni nghâl tûrin a rin nghâl theih a, chuti a nih loh pawhin V/C member atanga Court Member tûr thlang chhuakin V/C Court a siam theih bawk. Mahse, engti kawng zâwng mahin member hi pathum (3) aiin an tlêm tûr a ni lo. Chumi awmzia chu member pathum awmna Village Council awmnaah chuan member zawng zawng Court Member an nih a ngai a, V/C 5 atanga a aia tam awmnaah chuan V/C Member ni si, Village Court Member ni lo a awm theih tihna a nih chu.
Member rorêl thei tûr zât Court Manual-in a târ lan dân chuan member zawng zawng zâtve emaw, a tlêm berah pathum tal an ni tûr a ni tih a ni a. V/C pathum awmaah chuan member an kim loh chuan Court rorêlna kalpui theih a ni lo. Council Sitting pângaiah member pathuma pahnih chu rorêl theia ngaih ni mah se court thil ang chi-ah chuan, a tlêm berah pathum a nih miau avângin pahnihin rêl ve ngawt a theih loh a ni. V/C 5 awmnaah pawh 3, V/C 7 awmnaah chuan 4 (3 leh a chanve a awm theih loh avângin), chuti ang zêlin member rorêl thei zât pawh fel taka bithliah a ni. Tûna kan hman dânah hi chuan tûmah inthlauhthla leh inthlang chhuak bîk awm loin V/C Member zawng zawng hi Court angin kan \hu nghal mai \hîn a, thawhhona atân pawh thil \ha tak a ni. Council Sitting pângai leh Court rorêlna hi kan phâk tâwk ang zêla kaihpawlh nawk nawk loh theih a ni lo a; mahse, thubuai pawimawh bîk ngaihtuahna ang chi-ah chuan Court rorêl dân tûr inziak ang thlapa kal hi ni se a him ber ang.
Village Court hi Village Council Court anga rorêl nghâl an nih tlângpui avângin Village Council/ Court tia sawi a ni ve bawk thin. Village Court-in thu a neih theihna chin tûr ram chu Village Council ramri huam chinah a ni a, a hun rei zâwng pawh V/C term pângai kum 3 chhûng bawk a ni a. V/C term tâwp rual rualin Court term pawh hi a tâwp ve nghâl a ni. V/C thiaha Advisory Board din hian Court rorêlna a khawih theih em tih hi chhût chian ngai tak a ni a, V/C charge latu Official V/C President ringawt chuan Court function hi a thawk thei lo, member 3 aia a tlêm avângin. Court member chu Village Council member a nih a ngai a, sorkârin Village Council Act, 1953, Sub-section 3, para hnihna hmanga member kum khat chhûng atâna a ruatte an nih chuan court member an ni thei ngei mai a; heti ang ni lo, charge latuten an mi duhzâwng an ruat chawp hi Court rorêlnaah Court member anga function thei tûr chuan dân a inziak ang ngau ngau chuan a remchâng loin a lang.
Village Court thuneihna chin
1) Civil Case leh Tribal leh Tribal inkâr chauh a rêl thei a. Mizo hnam dân hmanga rêl fel theih chi a ni bawk tûr a ni.
2) Criminal Case, pawi khawihna lian tham ni lêm lo, rûkrûk, mi tihnat, ruih theih thil avânga buaina ang chi leh lung in tâna hremna ngai lo ang chite a rêl thei a, hremna, lung in tân ngei ngai ang tûr chi chu a rêl thei lo a ni.
3) Sorkâr-in dân a siam hrang hrang Village Council thuneihna atâna a pêkte chu a rêl thei. Chûngte chu -
a) The Lushai Hills District (Village Councils) Acts, 1953 hnuaia dân siam leh tih tûr târ lan.
b) The Lushai Hills District (House Site) Act, 1953 leh hemi thlâkna atâna dân siam thar, The Mizoram Land Holding and Settlement Act, 2000.
c) Administration of Justice Rules, 1953 hnuaia thuneihna târ lan.
d) The Lushai Hills District (Jhuming) Regulation, 1954.
e) The Mizo District (Forest) Act, 1955.
f) The Mizoram Animal (Control Taxation) Act, 1980 leh hemi tlawhchhana siam The Mizoram Animal (Control and Taxation) Rules, 1982.
g) The Mizoram (Prevention and Control of Fire in the Village Ram) Rules, 2001.
h) Hêng bakah hian State Sorkâr-in dân a siam dang dang, entîr nân - Prohibition leh thil dangah pawh V/C-te thuneihna tûrah dah a awm thîn bawk.
4) Village Council hian thiam loh a chantîrte chêng 500 thleng a chawitîr thei a. Pawisa chawi tûra a tih hi pe tûrin a tilui thei a, an pêk duh loh chuan a hu tâwk an bungrua a chhuh lui thei.
5) Village Court hian a rorêlna atân thuhretu a ko thei a, a koh anga kal duh lote chu chêng za thleng an kal duh loh manah a chawitîr thei. (V/C Court-in a chawitîr theih zât hi a tîrah chuan chêng 50 a ni a, Court-a thuhretu atâna koh kal duh lo chawitîr theih zât pawh chêng 25 a ni thîn a. The Mizoram Administration of Justice (Amendment) Rules, 1996 angin a zât hi tihpun a ni.)
6) Civil Case-ah chuan Village Court hian thuneihna tâwp chin a nei lo a, mi thil intih chhiatsak aia zâng na dawmna ang chiah chuan chêng sâng tam tak thleng pawh a rêl thei a ni.
Entîr nân - Sânga lo Mawia’n a tihchhiatsak man chu chêng maktaduai khat laia rulh ngai pawh ni se, Village Court hian a rulhtîr thei a ni.
7) Village Court hian Indian Penal Court-a Section 379, 426, 447, 352, 323, 160, 510, 290 leh 341-te hi a rêl ve thei a ni.
379 – rûkrûk chungchâng.
426 – Suahsual-pawi khawih zâwnga ninhlei chungchâng.
447 – Phal lohna huanga luh luih chungchâng.
352 – Mi dang tihnat luih chungchâng.
323 – Inkut palh chungchâng.
160 – Insual buaina leh tharum thawhna chungchâng.
510 – Zû leh ruih theih thil avânga vântlâng nun tibuai zâwnga chêt chungchâng.
290 – Vântlâng tân chimawm leh hnawksak zâwnga khawsak chungchâng.
341 – Inkhuahkhirh leh inhrên luih chungchâng.
Village Court-in hêng Indian Penal Code Section kan târ lan tâka a thuneihna chin hi Lung in tân ngai loa hrem theih chinah a ni zêl tih erawh theihnghilh loh tûr a ni. Entîr nân – I.P.C. Section 379-ah hian hremna pêk theih chin chu kum 3 thleng lung in tân a ni a. Court sâng zâwk chuan kum 3 lung in a tântîr theih laiin Village Court chuan hremna a pêk theih chin chu Chêng 500 chin a ni a. Lung in tân ngai ngei chi nia a hriat chuan a ti thei Court sâng zâwkah a thlen mai tûr a ni. Court kalphungah rêng rêng hian hremna pêk theih zât tûr bituk hi pêk kher a ni ngai lo. Kum 3 tântîr theihah a thu azira kum 2 emaw, thla 1 emaw tântîr emaw, tâng kher loa pawisa chawitîr ringawt pawha rel theih a ni a, hei hi Court tam berin an tih dân pawh a ni zâwk. Hremna pêk theih chin hi chu a aia sâng pêk theih loh tihna zâwk a ni. V/C Court-in thuneihna a neih chêng 500 pawh hi chawitîr kher tur tihna a ni lo; an thil tihsual dân azirin a aia hniam bithliah theih a ni a, chêng 500 a pêl tûr a ni lo tihna zâwk a ni.
Village Council Court-in thubuai hlabuai a dawnte a thuneihnain a rêl phâk lo nia a ngaih chuan chu thubuai chu a chung chiaha Court Sub-ordinate District Council Court rêl tûrin a thawn chho tûr a ni.
Hêng bâkah hian Village Council Act, Sec. 23-in a târ lan angin Village Council-in ram ngaw humhalh lam te, tuikhur chungchâng te, Ran khuahkhirh chungchâng te, Ram kâng ven him chungchâng te, khaw chhûng thianghlimna (Sanitation and Cleanliness of the Village) chungchânga dân a siamte kengkawh tûrin he Court hian thu a nei nghâl bawk a ni.
Village Court rorêl dân hmang
1. Court rorêlna chu Quorum tling ngei (Member awm zawng zawng zâtve emaw, member tlêmnaah pawh engti kawng zâwng pawha member 3 aia tlêm lo)-in kalpui tûr a ni a. Court rorêlna chu President-in a kaihruai ang a. Thubuai theh lûttu leh thil sual tia puhte awm ve ve laiin, thu hretute nên pâwn lam mite ngaihthlâk ve theihin tih tûr a ni. A lehlam lehlam thiam thu sawina hun pêk hnuah leh thu hretuten sawi duh an neih an sawi vek hnuah rêl fel tûr a ni a, member awm zawng zawnga a tam ber ngaih dân hmanga thu tihtlûk tûr a ni. (Thu tihtlûknaah hian member zâtve aia tam rem tih ang a ngai kher lo.)
2. Court rorêlna chu President-in a kaihruai tûr a ni a, President hian rorêlna kal dân tûr zawng zawng, hun ruat leh sawn hlat, rorêlna hmun tûr leh rorêlnaa mi tel tûr ruat fel thuahte mawh a phur ang a. Court thu tihtlûkna bawh zui leh kawngah pawh mawh a phur ang a. Court member-te rorêlnaa an awm dân (nungchang)-ah pawh mawh a phurin rorêlna Court tizahawm lo leh Court rorêlna ngaihsak lo chu an chungchâng Village Council sitting-a ngaihtuah tûr leh a tul chuan hrem tûrin a rawt thei ang. Village Council sitting-in hrem tûra an tih chu Sorkâr-ah thlen tûr a ni a. Member hrem tûra tih chu Sorkâr-ah thiam thu sawina hun pêk a nih hnuah sorkâr thu tlûkna apiang chu thu tâwp a ni ang.
3. Village Council Secretary chu Court Secretary a ni nghâl a, Court thu tlûkna chu ani hian Record fel taka vawngin, Court thu tlûkna rêng rêngah President-in hming a sign hnan tûr a ni (V/C thenkhat chuan thu tlûkna ang chi leh thupêk ang chi hi Secretary hminga lehkha sem mai an chîng a, hei hi tih loh tûr a ni. Information satliah ang chi chu a pawi lo a; mahse, thupêk ang chi chu President hminga tih ngei tur a ni. Chuti lo chu Court sâng zâwka a kal zêlin harsatna a thleng thei a ni).
4. Court rorêlnaah hian thil sual tia puh leh a puhtute pawh a tûl anga an inchhuahchhalh tawn phalsak tûr a ni a; mahse, Court rorêlna tizahawm chung siin. Court member (V/C Member)-te chuan President phalnain an thu sawi laklawh lai pawhin an duh apiang an lo zâwt thei bawk ang.
5. Member-ten Court rorêlnaa tel hi an ngai pawimawh hle tûr a ni a, kal theih dâwn loh chuan a hmaa inhrilh lâwk tûr a ni. Chhan mumal awm loa Court rorêlnaa member kal lo ringawt chu a chunga hremna lek theih a ni.
6. Village Court-in tûl a ti a nih hran loh chuan thubuai neitu emaw, thu hretu emaw ziak khera koh a ngai lo a, tawngkaa inhrilh pawh a tâwk mai a, hriattîrna pêk/hrilh hun leh thubuai ngaihtuah hun tûra ruat inkâr hi ni 8 aiin a rei tûr a ni lo. Chu thubuai ngaihtuah hun chu sawn hlat a nih chuan ni 15 aia rei sawn hlat tûr a ni lo. Kohna/hriattîrna chu a thubuai neitu emaw, an chhûngkuaa Puitling ngei hnênah emaw hrilh tûr a ni a. Chuti anga a remchâng lo a nih chuan an hriat theih ngei tûr hmunah ziak ngeia pein amah emaw, an chhûngkaw zînga puitling ngei an rawn kal hmanna ngei tur hun siamsak tûr a ni. Thu tihtlûkna erawh chu ziaka dah ngei tûr a ni thung.
7. Village Court rorêlna dân zawng zawng hi ziaka dah vek kher a ngai lo a; mahse, court sâng zâwka kal leh tûr erawh chu ziaka fel deuha dah a tha.
8. Village Court-in pawisa a chawi tûr an pêk duh loh aia bungrua a lâksakte chu District Council Court thupêk a nih loh chuan Court sâng zâwka an appeal-na hun chhûng tûr ni 60 ral hma chuan deh ral loh tûr a ni.
